Bayer Process Material Balance

Bayer Process Impurities and Their Management Steven J. Healy Abstract Impurities introduced into or generated by the Bayer alumina production process can have a detrimental effect on the efficiencies or productivity of industrial alumina production, and/or alumina hydrate or alumina product quality. Significant

The Pedersen process could, for example, be used to process bauxite residue from the Bayer process, since the raw material can be considered as a high iron containing ore (Lazou et al., 2021). Or else, the use of hydrogen reduction instead of coke in the Pedersen process ( Lazou et al., 2020 ), or novel routes for production of leaching agents ...

bayer process material balance; ... The Bayer Process (for alumina) as we know it today involves two steps: • The pressure leaching of bauxite with NaOH solution to obtain sodium aluminate solution. • The precipitation of pure aluminum hydroxide from this solution by seeding with fine crystals of Al(OH)3 . The leaching step was invented ...

The Bayer process was invented in 1887 by Carl Josef Bayer. The Austrian chemist sought to develop a method for supplying alumina to the textile industry (for use as a mordant, a substance that combines with a dye and thereby sets the color in a material).

the difficulty of obtaining industrial materials and plant data for testing purposes. The goal of this study is to formulate a mass balance model to predict the effect of scaling on the yield of alumina specifically on the white side of alumina production process. It is

Other articles where Bayer process is discussed: alumina: …extracted from bauxite through the Bayer process, which was developed for the aluminum industry in 1888. In the Bayer process bauxite is crushed, mixed in a solution of sodium hydroxide, and seeded with crystals to precipitate aluminum hydroxide. The hydroxide is heated in a kiln in order to drive off…

The Bayer hydrazine process, also called the Bayer ketazine process, is a modification of the Raschig process for the industrial production of hydrazine.Both processes are based around the oxidation of ammonia to hydrazine with hypochlorite, but the Bayer process traps the hydrazine as acetone azine before hydrolyzing the azine in a separate step. The …

This chapter aims to illustrate and discuss the inputs and outputs for both water and energy in the context of the Bayer process, highlighting throughout the sections their interconnectedness. It …

Roberts, R.C. inventor (Reynolds Metals Co.), (1968) Modified Bayer process for extracting low-silica alumina from bauxite with less silicate scale formation. US. Patent. 3413087. Google Scholar Cousineau, P.G. and Fulford, G.D. (1987) Aspects of the desilication of Bayer Liquors. Light Metals 1987 11–17.

Aluminium minerals are abundant in the earth's crust with equatorial lateritic bauxites the dominant Al bearing resource used as the raw material for alumina production. The Bayer process, essentially unchanged for more than 100 years, accounts for much of this production.The process involves ore digestion in a hot caustic soda solution, the clarification of …

process liquor, but the behaviour and mass balance of this element in Bayer process is already given. by. Papp et al. [31]. Detectable concentrations of Cr and Ni are also present in Bayer liquor ...

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Normally, all alumina used in the industry is manufactured via the Bayer process [6], where raw materials, namely bauxite, is dissolved by NaOH solutions to generate Al(OH) 3 . Therefore, small ...

The Bayer process is the most commonly used refinement route, though certain countries use alternatives called the combined or parallel Bayer-Sinter process and the Nepheline-based process [20, 37]. This section describes purely the Bayer Process. Due to the impurities in the bauxite ore, it requires treatment to produce purer alumina, Al 2 O 3 ...

Alumina is an original critical material for defense construction and economic development, with applications in aircraft, electrical electronics, construction, materials, chemical medicine, and other fields [1], [2], [3], [4].The established global system for the alumina industry reached over 135 million tons in 2021 [5], [6].More than 95% of alumina production originated …

TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2013 Bayer Process Efficiency Improvement Gu Songqing China Aluminum Corporation Limited, No.62 Xizhimenbei Street, Beijing 100082 ... water balance etc. The intensifying digestion technology has been developed and applied in China since 20 years ago. Since all the Chinese

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2001, 40, 1146-1156 1146 PROCESS DESIGN AND CONTROL Dynamic Simulation and Control of the Bayer Process. A Review Yousry L. Sidrak† Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University …

process flow diagrams for the Bayer process and the Hall-Heroult process. 2. Generalized Process Fl ow Diagram Bayer Process A process flow diagram of the Bayer process is shown in Exhibit 3. The primary purpose of a Bayer plant is to process bauxite to provide pure alumina for the production of aluminum. All bauxite refineries share five common

the difficulty of obtaining industrial materials and plant data for testing purposes. The goal of this study is to formulate a mass balance model to predict the effect of scaling on the yield of …

Wagerup refinery uses the Bayer process to refine alumina from bauxite ore. This involves a number of key steps, including: • Bauxite grinding; • Slurry storage; ... Organic material is naturally present in bauxite ore and in some of the specialised chemicals added throughout the Bayer process (such as flocculants). ...

The Bayer Process relies heavily on sedimentation Equipment in Desilication, Liquor Clarification, Residue Disposal, Tertiary Seed Classification, as well as Caustization …

The bauxite residue of the Bayer process contains not only free alkali but also structural alkali ... 2018), the concentration distribution of each liquid phase stream in the continuous process was calculated by material balance, thus avoiding the establishment of a continuous production line and greatly saving the research cost. In ...

Bayer process mass-flow. Bayer process mass balance is presented after decalcitation for every analyzed isotope in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6. Solid material flow is denoted with black arrows while liquid with orange. Dashed arrow stands for slurries (solids suspended in process liquor).

This document discusses chemical calculations used in the Bayer process for alumina production. It outlines key chemical reactions and provides formulas to calculate: 1) Bauxite characteristics like module, available alumina, and mud load to assess bauxite quality. 2) Plant performance efficiencies such as digestion efficiency, precipitation efficiency, and causticization efficiency to ...

Impurities introduced into or generated by the Bayer alumina production process can have a detrimental effect on the efficiencies or productivity of industrial alumina production, and/or alumina hydrate or alumina product quality. ... impurities are accumulated in a refinery's liquor inventory subject to a dynamic balance of inputs (e.g ...

The research on pressure leaching started in 1887. Karl Josef Bayer was the first one who proposed to leaching bauxite with sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 413-453 K to obtain sodium ...

Aluminium of Greece (AoG) provided sample materials and plant data from most process stages. Measurements of radionuclide concentrations were carried out by gamma-ray spectroscopy. ... In the current study, comprehensive radionuclide mass balance through the entire Bayer process was modeled to (1) establish relations between input and output ...

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One of the pioneering overviews examining Ga as a Bayer process by-product is compiled by Hudson and an examination of the system is given there [3]. In addition to analysing Bayer solids, Sato. et al. have analysed the concentration of Th and uranium (U) in Bayer liquors [26]. A mass balance approach, where all significant material

amphoteric property of aluminium was exploited by the Austrian chemist Karl Josef Bayer who patented his process in 1888. After nearly 130 years this is still the process used worldwide to …