The 'nouveau riche' and 'makorokoza': Artisanal and small-scale gold
It is now commonplace in Zimbabwe to associate artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) or chikorokoza (as it is popularly known locally) with livelihoods, survival and capital accumulation (see, for example Mawowa, 2013; Mkodzongi and Spiegel, 2020; Spiegel, 2014, 2015).With declines in formal employment opportunities, artisanal and small-scale gold …
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