Calcium Phosphate Apatite

In 1971, Monroe and his colleagues reported a method for the preparation of a calcium phosphate, principally mineral calcium-fluorapatite, and suggested the possible use of this apatite ceramic for dental and medical implant materials .

The mixing of concentrated solutions of calcium chloride and sodium acid phosphate resulted in the precipitation of calcium phosphate salts, which showed a broad and diffused pattern by X-ray diffraction analysis. This pattern suggested that the precipitated mineral is amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), not apatite.

Calcium phosphate: 10 to 20: 3 to 5: ... Infection-associated stones (struvite or carbonate apatite stones) Solitary kidney* Uric acid– and urate-containing stones. Genetic factors.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp; Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2) is a form of calcium phosphate.It is the main inorganic mineral component of teeth and bones. HAp can be chemically synthesised as a biomaterial such as ...

Single phased apatitic calcium phosphate powders Ca 10−x (PO 4) 6−x (HPO 4) x (OH) 2−x with Ca/P molar ratio ranging from 1.5 to 1.667 (0⩽x⩽1) were synthesised using wet method. Outside this compositional range the powders were biphasic mixtures composed of a calcium phosphate apatite and CaHPO 4 (Ca/P<1.5) or Ca(OH) 2 (Ca/P>1.667). Temperature …

In addition, biological apatite is characterized by the presence of many other ions, e.g., Mg 2+, K +, Na +, Zn 2+, Mn 2+, SiO 4 4− and Cl −, partially substituted in the crystal structure (instead of calcium ions, phosphate ions or hydroxyl ions) and partially located on the surface of crystals, in the so-called hydrated surface layer [7,8 ...

Despite this finding, few studies have yet attempted to address how intracellular calcium phosphate might be translated to mature ECM-associated bone apatite. Lehninger postulated that calcium phosphate packets might be extruded from mitochondria and make their way to the ECM to participate in bone formation .

Tribasic Calcium Phosphate | Ca5HO13P3 | CID 14781 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and …

Phosphate comprising the ideal formula of Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2 belongs to the apatite family; HAP is one of the most usual forms of calcium phosphate. The special attribute of this structure lies in its ability to form solid solutions and to accept a large number of anionic and cationic substituents.

Calcium phosphate materials synthesized from apatite with atomic Ca/P ratios ranging from 1.50 to 1.67 (Ca10-x(HPO4)x(PO4)6-x(OH)2-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)) have very interesting applications in bone regeneration and in the environment field for the removal of toxic species. The physicochemical characteristics of synthetic calcium apatite change when the Ca/P ratio …

Calcium phosphate (as carbonate apatite) often is present in small amounts (2-10%). The presence of three cations--Ca + 2, Mg +2,and NH 4+--detected by earlier qualitative methods was responsible for the name "triple phosphate" previously used for these stones. Struvite stones are spherical, ellipsoidal, or tetrahedral in shape and may be ...

Urine creatinine, calcium, oxalate, phosphate, and citrate excretions, are in milligrams (mg) or grams (gm) per 24 hours. A mg is 1/1,000 of a gram. An ounce contains 28.3 gm. Urine sodium is measured in millimoles …

Hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been widely used in bone regeneration. It is a naturally occurring form of calcium phosphate that constitutes the largest amount of inorganic components in human bones [].The chemical formula of HAP is Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2 with a Ca/P ratio of 1.67 [52, 64].HAP is naturally formed and can be collected, but various …

Moreover, recent high-resolution measurements of apatite crystallites in bone have shown that individual crystallites are covered by a persistent layer of amorphous calcium phosphate.

The active mechanism seems to be the delivery and deposition of calcium- and phosphate-ions that form a crystalline carbonated-apatite layer [31, 85]. Tai et al . Investigated the Plaque Index (PLI) and Bleeding Index (BLI) within a study with 100 subjects in …

Most biominerals are inorganic/organic composite materials. 1 This is also the case for the bones and teeth of all vertebrates, which are formed by the combination of an inorganic calcium phosphate phase and an organic matrix 2 ().The inorganic component is a nanocrystalline solid with apatite structure and the chemical composition of a carbonated, …

Calcium phosphate stones are less common than calcium oxalate stones. Causes include hyperparathyroidism (when the body produces too much parathyroid hormone), renal tubular acidosis (a kidney condition that causes a …

The role of intracellular calcium phosphate in osteoblast-mediated bone apatite formation Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Aug 28;109(35):14170-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1208916109. ... the precise role osteoblasts play in mediating bone apatite formation remains largely unknown. To better understand the relationship between intracellular …

Furthermore, the CHA product has a mineral component similar to bone tissues in which the carbonate ion can replace the phosphate (PO 4 3-) or hydroxyl (OH-) groups in the hydroxyapatite structure to generate a nonstoichiometric apatite group with calcium-phosphate molar ratios in the range of 1.6-2.0 (Agbeboh et al., 2020).

Calcium phosphate apatite retention in the arterial wall necessitates precipitation on an anionic platform. Here, we explore the role of tissue-free DNA as such a platform. Methods: The first step consisted of histological observation of samples from human and rat calcified arteries. Various stains were used to evaluate colocalization of free ...

Struvite stones or triple phosphate stones comprise about 1% of all stones. Composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium carbonate-apatite, these rapidly growing stones can fill the entire renal pelvis. These …

While calcium phosphates have been under intense investigation, the exact steps during the crystallisation of spherical amorphous particles to platelet-like bone apatite are unclear. Herein, we demonstrate a detailed transformation mechanism of amorphous calcium phosphate spherical particles to apatite platelet-like crystals, within the ...

HA is a mineral form of calcium apatite that is present in human bones. It makes up somewhere between 65% and 70% of the weight of human bone. HA is also a type of calcium phosphate.

1. Introduction. Hydroxylapatite (HAP, Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2) is a naturally occurring mineral of calcium phosphate (CaP), which also appears as a dominant component of mature bones and teeth.Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is the most soluble and unstable precursor of calcium phosphate (CaP). For instance, short-range ordered ACP is a transient …

Apatite or calcium phosphorous stones are the least common type of stone I see in practice. These rare stones form from the same risk factors responsible for calcium oxalate stones. These include increased amounts of calcium and/or phosphate in the urine. ... Treating calcium phosphate stones is tough because they often form in the kidney ...

Calcium oxalate is the most common type of stone, seen in 74% of first-time stone formers and 66% of recurrent stone formers. ... Struvite stones, also called "infection stones" or Mg-NH 4 + carbonate-apatite stones, only form when urease-producing bacteria are present in the upper urinary tract, Dr. Curhan noted. Complete stone removal is ...

The lifetime risk of kidney stones among adults in the US is approximately 9%, and it appears that global warming may be increasing that risk. (As the climate warms, human beings are more likely to get dehydrated, which increases the risk of stone formation.) There are four major types of kidney stones: calcium oxalate/calcium …

These stones precipitate in alkaline urine (pH >7.2). Infectious stones are primarily composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate but may in addition contain calcium phosphate in the form of carbonate apatite. 2. Struvite stones are formed as a result of urinary tract infection with urease-producing bacteria.

Hydroxyapatite is a calcium-phosphate compound which makes up the hard structural part of bones and teeth. It is used in dietary supplements as a calcium source and in toothpaste to prevent caries and sensitivity.

For instance, crystallization of calcium-based stones (calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate) occurs in supersaturated urine if it is with low concentrations of inhibitors. Uric acid interferes …